Sains Malaysiana 52(7)(2023): 1985-1997

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-08

Seed Germination Characteristics as Affected by Interaction of Moisture Stress and Temperature in Sethoxydim-Resistant Biotype of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.) from Malaysia

(Pencirian Percambahan Benih yang Dipengaruhi oleh Interaksi Tekanan dan Suhu Lembapan dalam Biotip Rumput Sambau Rintangan Sethoxydim (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.) dari Malaysia)

CHUAH TSE SENG¹*, HIEW CHEE NAM², NURSYAFIQAH IZZATI NORZAIDI³ & SUNNY GOH ENG GIAP⁴

¹Faculty of Plantation and Agro-technology, University of Technology MARA, Perlis Branch, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

^2,3Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 3 Januari 2023/Diterima: 7 Julai 2023

Abstract

Understanding temperature and moisture stress that influence sethoxydim-resistant (R) goosegrass (Eleusine indica) germination is crucial for effective weed control, but little research has been done on the impact of these environmental factors on germination of the R goosegrass biotype. This research aims to confirm sethoxydim resistance in goosegrass and to examine interaction effects of different temperatures and water potentials on germination of the R goosegrass biotype. Dose–response tests showed that the R goosegrass biotype exhibited high resistance level to sethoxydim with 17-fold. In laboratory bioassays, the R goosegrassbiotype germinated by 88-100% at 35 °C with water potentials ranging from 0 to -0.80 MPa, but no seed germination occurred at 10 °C and 40 °C under all water potential treatments. With rising water potentials from 0 to -0.80 MPa, seed germination at 15 to 30 °C decreased markedly. The time it took to achieve 50% seed germination (T₅₀) increased drastically when decreasing temperature from 35 to 15 °C. The T₅₀ at 20 to 30 °C also increased as the water potential increased from -0.20 to -0.80 MPa. At 35 °C, however, the water potential level had no impact on T₅₀, implying that the R goosegrass biotype seed is water stress tolerant at 35 °C. The base temperature and base water potentials estimated were 10.6 °C and -1.28 MPa, respectively. These findings can help in determining the optimal time to apply pre-emergent and early post-emergent controls when a large proportion of R goosegrass biotype have already germinated or emerged.

Keywords: Base temperature; base water potential; post-emergence control; pre-emergent control

Abstrak

Pemahaman terhadap tekanan suhu dan kelembapan yang mempengaruhi percambahan rumput sambau(Eleusine indica) yang rintang terhadap setoksidim (R) adalah penting untuk mengawal rumpai ini dengan berkesan, namun tidak sedikit kajian dilakukan mengenai kesan faktor persekitaran ini terhadap percambahan rumput sambau biotip R. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengesahkan kerintangan rumput sambau terhadap setoksidim dan untuk mengkaji kesan interaksi suhu dan potensi air yang berbeza terhadap percambahan rumput sambau biotip R. Ujian gerak balas dos mendedahkan bahawa rumput sambau biotip R menunjukkan aras kerintangan yang tinggi terhadap setoksidim dengan 17 kali ganda. Pengasaian makmal menunjukkan bahawa rumput sambau biotip R bercambah sebanyak 88 hingga 100% pada suhu 35 °C dengan potensi air antara 0 hingga -0.80 MPa, tetapi tiada percambahan berlaku pada suhu 10 dan 40 °C di bawah semua rawatan potensi air. Dengan potensi air yang meningkat daripada 0 hingga -0.80 MPa, percambahan biji benih pada 15 hingga 30 °C menurun dengan ketara. Masa yang diambil untuk mencapai 50% percambahan biji benih (T₅₀) meningkat secara drastik apabila suhu menurun daripada 35 hingga 15 °C. T₅₀ pada 20 hingga 30 °C juga meningkat apabila potensi air meningkat daripada -0.20 kepada -0.80 MPa. Walau bagaimanapun, aras potensi air tidak memberi kesan kepada T₅₀ pada 35 °C. Ini membayangkan bahawa rumput sambau biotip R adalah toleran terhadap tekanan air pada 35 °C. Suhu asas dan potensi air asas dianggarkan masing-masing pada 10.6 °C dan -1.28 MPa. Penemuan ini dapat membantu dalam menentukan masa yang optimum untuk memberi kawalan pra-muncul dan pasca-muncul pada peringkat awal apabila sebahagian besar rumpai sambau biotip R telah bercambah atau muncul.

Kata kunci: Kawalan pasca-muncul; kawalan pra-muncul; potensi air asas; suhu asas

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chuahts@uitm.edu.my